一、直接引语和间接引语:

在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语

在书写时,直接引语用引号。用自己的词语来转述表达原

来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语

 

二、直接引语改变为间接引语:

1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意以下各点:

①不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。

②人称作相应变化;

③主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态

一般应作相应改变: 一般现在时变一般过去时;

一般将来时变过去将来时;现在进行时变过去进行时;

现在完成时变成过去完成时;一般过去时变成过去完成时;

但一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间连用,则时态不变。

如:He says,"I am not from the USA.”

—He says that he is not from the USA.

 

 Mr Smith said to his girl friend,

I haven’ t seen you for a long time.”  

 

—Mr Smith said to his girl friend that he had not

seen her for a long time.

 

2、直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从属连接词

whetherif引导,词序要改变。

如:Lin Tao said to Miss Green, "Is it made in China?

 —Lin Tao asked Miss Green if it was made in China. 

 

3、直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用疑问词引导,

词序是:连词+主语+谓语。

如:Lucy said to me, “How can I help?

—Lucy asked me how she could help.

 

4、直接引语如是祈使句,变间接引语时,须将祈使句变为动词不定式,

并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order.

如:He said to the little boy,“ Come here, young  man! ”

—He asked the little boy  to go there.

 

5、直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词以及表示时间和地点

的词或词组应作相应变化